What is cold backup and hot backup in Oracle : Advantage Disadvantage Explained : RDBMS FAQ

 

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What is cold backup and hot backup ?

1. Cold Backup: It is copying the three sets of files (database files, redo logs, and control file) when the instance is shut down. This is a straight file copy, usually from the disk directly to tape. You must shut down the instance to guarantee a consistent copy. If a cold backup is performed, the only option available in the event of data file loss is restoring all the files from the latest backup. All work performed on the database since the last backup is lost. 

2. Hot Backup: Some sites (such as worldwide airline reservations systems) cannot shut down the database while making a backup copy of the files. The cold backup is not an available option.

What is meant by Proactive, Retroactive and Simultaneous Update.

1. Proactive Update: The updates that are applied to database before it becomes effective in real world.

2. Retroactive Update: The updates that are applied to database after it becomes effective in real world.

3. Simultaneous Update: The updates that are applied to database at the same time when it becomes effective in real world.

 What is Storage Manager?

It is a program module that provides the interface between the low-level data stored in database, application programs and queries submitted to the system.

 What is Buffer Manager?

It is a program module, which is responsible for fetching data from disk storage into main memory and deciding what data to be cache in memory.

 What is Transaction Manager?

It is a program module, which ensures that database, remains in a consistent state despite system failures and concurrent transaction execution proceeds without conflicting.

What is File Manager?

I

t is a program module, which manages the allocation of space on disk storage and data structure used to represent information stored on a disk.

What is Authorization and Integrity manager?

It is the program module, which tests for the satisfaction of integrity constraint and checks the authority of user to access data.

Best C++ and Operating System Books Recomended by GU

C++ and Operating System Best Recommended Books by Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Gauhati University, India

Suggested Reading:

Programming in C++:

1.      Programming in C++  -  Kamthane, Pearson Education; 2.      Programming in C++  - Balaguruswamy, TMGH; 3.      Let us C++  - Kanitkar, BPB Publishers

Operating System:

1.      Operating System – Deitel, Pearson Education 2.       Operating System – Tanenbaum, PHI

Syllabus for M.Sc 1st Semester Course under Gauhati University

Programming in C++ and Operating System Syllabus for M.Sc 1st Semester Course under Gauhati University

A) Programming in C++ (50 marks)
Unit-1	Introduction: Assembler, Compiler, Interpreter; Attributes of a C++ programme; Structure of a C++ programme; C+= declarations; Data types; Operators; Order of precedence of operators; I/O process; Pre-processor directives (5 marks)
Unit-2	Control Structures: Decision making statements; If-else; Nested if-else; Do-while; goto; break; continue; switch; for loop (5 marks)
Unit-3	Array, String and Pointers: Definition, types; examples of 2-D arrays; examples – matrix addition, transpose, trace etc; String- creation, insertion, concatenation etc; Definition of pointer, pointers and arrays, arrays of pointers (5 marks)
Unit-4	Functions: Definition- types, parameter passing; referencing; functions and arrays; using of pointers for parameter passing; Prototyping; recursion; file handling (10 marks)
Unit-5	Class and Object: Structures-definition; Classes-definition, member functions, characteristics of member functions; encapsulation; Declaration of objects, static objects, array of objects; constructors and destructors; operator overloading and type conversion (10 marks)
Unit-6	Inheritance: Definition; Access specifiers and simple inheritance, types of inheritance- single, multilevel, multiple, hierarchical, hybrid, multipath; abstract classes; Pointers and inheritance; Advantage of inheritance (5marks)
Unit-7	Data Structures: Definition and examples of data structure, stack, queue, link list; function and data structure; Sorting- selection, insertion, quick; Search- Linear, binary; Dynamic memory allocation (10 marks)
B) Operating System (50 marks)
Unit-1	Introduction: Operating system-definition, types, different parts; trends- parallel computing, distributed computing; Open systems; Hardware, software, firmware (10 marks)
Unit-2	Process Scheduling: Definition of a process; process states, transitions, process control, suspend and process, interrupt processing, nucleus of an operating system; parallel processing; Mutual exclusion, Critical Section; Solution of mutual exclusion; Semaphores; Deadlock- occurrence, prevention, detection and recovery (10 marks)
Unit-3	Storage management: Storage organization, management strategies, hierarchy; virtual storage, paging, segmentation (10 marks)
Unit-4	File system and I/O management: File system (function of a file system)- data hierarchy, blocking and buffering, file organization, queued and basic access methods, backup and recovery; I/O management (functions of I/O management subsystem), Distributed computing- OSI view, OSI network management, MAP, TOP, GOSIP, TCP/IP; OS security- requirements, external security, operational security, surveillance, threat monitoring; Introduction to Cryptography (10 marks)
Unit-5	Case Study: UNIX- Shell, Kernel, File System, Process Management, Memory Management, I/O System, Distributed UNIX; Example of operating system-MS-DOS, Windows, OS/2, Apple Macintosh & Linux (10 marks)

Recommended Best Books for MBA 1st semester Course for Indian Universities

Recommended Best Books for MBA 1st semester Course by the University are as follows

Managing Organization Books List:

1. Management by Robbins S.P., Coulter Mary and Niharika Vohra, Pearson Education (10^th edition), 2010.
2. Ethics in Management by S.A. Sherlekar, Himalayan Publishing.

Behavioural Science Book List:

1. Organization Behaviour, Stephen P. Robbins; Timothy A. Judge; Seema Sanghi. 13^th Edition, Pearson-Prentice Hall.
2. Organizational Behaviour- A Modern Approach by Arun Kumar , N Meenakshi , Vikas Publishing.
3. Organization Behaviour, V.S.P. Rao, 1^st Edition, Excel Books.
4. Organization Behaviour, Margie Parikh, Rajen Gupta, 1^st Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.

Managerial Economics Book List:

1.     Business Economics- M.Adhikari, Excel Books

2.     Modern Micro Economics- Koutsoyannis, McMillan

3.     Managerial Economics- Keat, Young.& Banerjee. Pearson Education

  4.     Managerial Economics-Petersen ,Lewis & Jain; Pearson.

Quantitative Techniques in Management Book List

1. Business Statistics by Levine, Krehbiel, Berenson and Viswanathan (Pearson)
2. Business Statistics by Naval Bajpai (Pearson)
3. Mathematics & Statistics for CA Professional by Ajay Goel and Alka Goel (Taxmann, 4^th edition)

Strategic Cost Analysis & Management Book List:

      1. Cost Accounting: Theory and Practices:  B. Banerjee (PHI) 12^th Edition.

      2. Cost Management : A Strategic Approach – S.C. Vaidya & S. Gill (Macmillan)

Financial Accounting, Analysis & Reporting  Book List

1. Modern Accountancy by Amitabh Mukharjee & Mohammed Hanif

Information Technology Design & Implementation Book List:

1. Introduction to Information Technology By V.Rajavaman, Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd.
2. Information Technology (Latest Edition), James A. Senn ,PHI
3. Introduction to Information Technology, IIL, Education Solution Ltd, Oearson Education.
4. Computers Fundamentals- Anita Goel, Pearson.
5. Computer Networks- A.S.Tanenbauna, PHI
6. TALLY (Latest Edition), Firewell Media.

Legal Aspects Of Business Book List:

1. N.D. Kapoor- Element of Mercantile Law- Sultan Chand.
2. Legal Aspects of Business- Akhileshwar Pathak, 3^rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.
3. Bare Acts:

Indian Contract Act 1872

Negotiable Instrument Act 1881

Indian Partnership Act 1932

Limited Liability Act, 2008

Sales of Goods Act, 1930

Consumer Protection Act 1986

Companies Act 1956